Cellular Ageing

The cellular ageing category groups research compounds used in cell models of mitochondrial signalling, telomerase expression, copper-dependent signalling and senescence-associated pathways. MOTS-c, SS-31 and NAD+ are used in mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential and AMPK signalling assays: MOTS-c is a 16-residue peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, SS-31 is a tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, and NAD+ is the coenzyme consumed by sirtuin and PARP enzymes. Epithalon is the tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly studied in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression assays in cultured fibroblasts, and FOXO4-DRI is a D-retro-inverso peptide designed to disrupt the FOXO4 to p53 interaction in senescent cell models. GHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide used in collagen and matrix gene expression work in fibroblast culture, and KLOW combines GHK-Cu with BPC-157, TB-500 and KPV for combined signalling studies.
Typical readouts include oxygen consumption rate, SA-beta-galactosidase staining, qPCR of TERT and p16 transcripts, and luciferase reporter assays. Compounds studied for AMPK and fatty acid metabolism at the whole-cell level sit in the metabolism category. Compounds in this category are independently tested by Janoshik Analytical for RP-HPLC purity and mass spectrometry identity, with the Certificate of Analysis for tested batches published on the product page. Supplied as laboratory chemicals for in vitro research use only, dispatched from within Australia.

Structure, mechanism, handling and analysis notes for these compounds are in the NuVion peptide research library: Epithalon, GHK-Cu, KLOW, MOTS-c, NAD+, SS-31, FOXO4-DRI, Glutathione and SNAP-8.