Metabolism

The metabolism category covers research compounds used in incretin receptor pharmacology, amylin receptor signalling, NNMT enzymology and fatty acid transport studies. Retatrutide is a GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptor triple agonist and Tirzepatide is a GLP-1R and GIPR dual agonist; both are used in cAMP accumulation, beta-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalisation assays in cell lines expressing the individual receptors. Cagrilintide is a lipidated amylin analogue characterised at calcitonin receptor and RAMP heterodimers (the AMY1 to AMY3 receptors), again with cAMP as the second messenger readout. 5-Amino-1MQ is a small molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) used in enzyme kinetics and adipocyte culture, and L-Carnitine is the carrier for long-chain fatty acid transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the carnitine palmitoyltransferase system. Tesamorelin, a GHRH analogue, is listed here for GHRH receptor signalling work in metabolic cell models and overlaps with the growth hormones category.
Common assay formats across the category are HTRF and luminescence cAMP assays, radioligand and fluorescent ligand binding, NNMT activity assays with SAM as the methyl donor, and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation measurements in hepatocyte and adipocyte lines. Compounds in this category are independently tested by Janoshik Analytical for RP-HPLC purity and mass spectrometry identity, with the Certificate of Analysis for tested batches published on the product page. Supplied as laboratory chemicals for in vitro research use only, dispatched from within Australia.

Structure, mechanism, handling and analysis notes for these compounds are in the NuVion peptide research library: Retatrutide, Tirzepatide, Cagrilintide, 5-Amino-1MQ, L-Carnitine and Tesamorelin.