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The immune signalling category covers peptides used to study Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, NF-kB activation, cathelicidin membrane interaction and cytokine expression in dendritic cell, macrophage and epithelial cell models. Thymosin Alpha-1 is a 28-residue acetylated peptide characterised in TLR2 and TLR9 signalling assays in dendritic cells, while Thymulin is a zinc-dependent nonapeptide and Thymogen the dipeptide Glu-Trp, both used in thymocyte and lymphocyte culture work. KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-MSH, used in NF-kB reporter assays and cytokine release measurements in macrophage and epithelial lines. LL-37 is the 37-residue human cathelicidin, studied in membrane interaction, lipid bilayer and FPR2 receptor assays. VIP is a 28-residue neuropeptide acting at VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors with cAMP as the readout, and Bronchogen is the tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu used in bronchial epithelial cell culture.
LL-37 also appears in the tissue repair signalling category for its cell migration work. Compounds in this category are independently tested by Janoshik Analytical for RP-HPLC purity and mass spectrometry identity, with the Certificate of Analysis for tested batches published on the product page. Supplied as laboratory chemicals for in vitro research use only, dispatched from within Australia.
Structure, mechanism, handling and analysis notes for these compounds are in the NuVion peptide research library: KPV, Thymogen, Thymosin Alpha-1, Thymulin, VIP, Bronchogen and Cardiogen.
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